Archive for the ‘Facts and Figures’ Category

What Is HDL Cholesterol?

Thursday, April 16th, 2009

HDL CholesterolHDL is the protein package that carries 20% to 30% of the cholesterol in most people’s blood. Unlike LDL packages, which are loaded with cholesterol, HDL packages contain mostly protein. HDL is known as good cholesterol because it acts as your body’s garbage collector for cholesterol. Here’s how.

* HDL removes excess cholesterol from your blood and returns it to your liver.
* Your liver converts the excess into bile acids.
* Bile acids remove more cholesterol from your body by helping cholesterol dissolve in bile.
* When bile acids and bile pass out of your body as part of your digestion of food, the cholesterol passes out, too.

You may be able to remember the HDL is the good cholesterol by thinking of it as highly desirable, which begins with the letters HD. Another way to recall that you want a lot of HDL is to remember that the H stands for “higher” – as in, “the higher the better.”

The higher your HDL cholesterol level, the lower your risk for developing heart disease. If your HDL level is low, your doctor may consider your cholesterol profile unhealthy. This can be true if your total cholesterol and LDL levels are in the healthy range. Typically, experts consider an HDL level of 40 mg/dL or more to be desirable. Having an HDL of 60 mg/dl or higher is considered to help protect you from heart disease. Before menopause, women’s estrogen levels help them maintain higher HDL levels than men usually maintain. So some doctors suggest that an HDL of 45 or more is desirable for women who have not yet gone through menopause.

Some heart experts believe HDL removes cholesterol from plaque that has already formed in your arteries. This means that a high level of HDL could help slow the growth of plaque. If your HDL is low, you can work with your healthcare team to raise it.

Which pole is colder, north or south?

Sunday, January 11th, 2009

The South pole

Why?
Both poles are cold mainly because they get less sunlight than other latitudes. Both receive 6 months continuous darkness, and the sun only rises to a small angle from the horizon, and have to travel through more atmosphere (which reduces the intensity of the sun’s rays); additionally, due to the low angle and white ice most of the rays are reflected off the surface back into space.

The difference between the two is that the South pole is located on a thick sheet of ice (miles thick), which itself is on a land mass (higher elevation). In contrast, the North pole is located at sea level in the Arctic Ocean, and the body of water helps to mediate temperatures (the water basically acts as a heat reservoir).

The South pole

You can find more information at:
Scientific American:
South_pole_colder

Strange Laws

Tuesday, August 19th, 2008

In Texas, it’s against the law for anyone to have a pair of pliers in his or her possession.

In Philadelphia, you can’t put pretzels in bags based on an Act of 1760.

Alaska law says that you can’t look at a moose from an airplane.

In Corpus Christie, Texas, it is illegal to raise alligators in your home.

In Miami, it is forbidden to imitate an animal.

It is against the law to mispronounce the name of the State of Arkansas in that State.

 

In Illinois, the law is that a car must be driven with the steering wheel.

California law prohibits a woman from driving a car while dressed in a housecoat.

In Memphis, Tennessee, a woman is not to drive a car unless a man warns approaching motorists or pedestrians by walking in front of the car that is being driven.

In Tennessee, it is against the law to drive a car while sleeping.

In New York, it is against the law for a blind person to drive an automobile.

In West Virginia, only babies can ride in a baby carriage.

In Georgia, it is against the law to slap a man on the back or front.

A barber is not to advertise prices in the State of Georgia.

In Louisiana, a bill was introduced years ago in the State House of Representatives that fixed a ceiling on haircuts for bald men of 25 cents.

In Oklahoma, no baseball team can hit the ball over the fence or out of a ballpark.

 

    In Rochester, Michigan, the law is that anyone bathing in public must have the bathing suit inspected by a police officer ! 
In Kentucky, it’s the law that a person must take a bath once a year.

In Utah, birds have the right of way on any public highway.

In Ohio, one must have a license to keep a bear.

 

In Tennessee, a law exists which prohibits the sale of bologna (sandwich meat) on Sunday.

In Virginia, the Code of 1930 has a statute which prohibits corrupt practices or bribery by any person other than political candidates.

In Providence, Rhode Island, it is against the law to jump off a bridge.

In the State of Kansas, you’re not allowed to drive a buffalo through a street.

In Florida, it is against the law to put livestock on a school bus.

In New Jersey, cabbage can’t be sold on Sunday.

    In Galveston, Texas, it is illegal to have a camel run loose in the street! 
In North Carolina, it is against the law for dogs and cats to fight.

In Singapore, it is illegal to chew gum.

In Cleveland, Ohio, it is unlawful to leave chewing gum in public places.

In Virginia, chickens cannot lay eggs before 8:00 a.m., and must be done before 4:00 p.m.

In New York, it is against the law for children to pick up or collect cigarette and cigar butts.

In Massachusetts, it is against the law to put tomatos in clam chowder.

 
In Washington State, you can’t carry a concealed weapon that is over 6 feet in length.

In San Francisco, there is an ordinance, which bans the picking up and throwing of used confetti.

In Kentucky, it is illegal for a merchant to force a person into his place of business for the purpose of making a sale.

It is against the law in Connecticut for a man to write love letters to a girl whose mother or father has forbidden the relationship.

In Michigan, married couples must live together or be imprisoned.

    In the state of Colorado, a pet cat, if loose, must have a tail-light ! 
In Phoenix, Arizona, you can’t walk through a hotel lobby with spurs on.

In California, a law created in 1925 makes it illegal to wiggle while dancing.

In Utah, daylight must be visible between dancing couples.

In Michigan, it is against the law for a lady to lift her skirt more than 6 inches while walking through a mud puddle.

In North Carolina, it is against the law for a rabbit to race down the street.

In Georgia, it’s against the law to spread a false rumor.

In West Virginia, one can’t cook sauerkraut or cabbage due to the odors and the offence is subject to imprisonment.

In Missouri, a man must have a permit to shave.

The law states that more than 3000 sheep cannot be herded down Hollywood Blvd. at any one time.

In Texas, it is still a “hanging offense” to steal cattle.

Are lithium polymer batteries dangerous?

Wednesday, May 7th, 2008

Lithium batteries hold a lot of energy for their size. That’s a good thing for powering a laptop, but bad if something were to go wrong. The reaction that releases electrical energy is unstable: it releases heat, and heat causes the reaction to go more quickly… which releases more heat… which causes more energy released, and so on. If the reaction isn’t controlled, all of the energy can be released in less than a second, leading to a fire or even an explosion.

Things like discharging too quickly, overcharging, punctures, and internal short circuits can all cause a battery to fail this way. So lithium battery manufacturers add several stages of safety measures to make sure nothing goes wrong. Some have even shot holes through a fully charged battery to make sure it wouldn’t explode.

But there have been a lot of problems in recent years with counterfeit batteries, which look like “proper” batteries from the outside (Dell, Apple, Sony, whatever) but are not made with the same safety measures. If you’re shopping for a battery and you find a price that’s too good to be true, it’s probably too good to be true!

Lithium polymer batteries are about the same as lithium ion batteries as far as safety is concerned. They operate with nearly the same chemistry, but using a gel rather than a liquid. Both types have vents to prevent buildup of excess pressure.

Lithium polymer batteries

Strange facts

Tuesday, April 15th, 2008

During your lifetime, you’ll eat about 60,000 pounds of food, that’s the weight of about 6 elephants!

Some ribbon worms will eat themselves if they cant find any food!

Dolphins sleep with one eye open!

The worlds oldest piece of chewing gum is over 9000 years old!

In space, astronauts cannot cry properly, because there is no gravity, so the tears can’t flow down their faces!

There are more plastic flamingos in the U.S, than real ones! 

About 3000 years ago, most Egyptians died by the time they were 30!

More people use blue toothbrushes, than red ones!

A sneeze travels out your mouth at over 100 m.p.h.!

Your ribs move about 5 million times a year, every time you breathe!

 

In the White House, there are 13,092 knives, forks and spoons!

Slugs have 4 noses!

Recycling one glass jar, saves enough energy to watch T.V for 3 hours!

Lightning strikes about 6,000 times per minute on this planet!

    Owls are one of the only birds who can see the color blue! 
The average American/Canadian drinks about 600 sodas a year!

It was once against the law to slam your car door in a city in Switzerland!
There wasn’t a single pony in the Pony Express, just horses! 

Honeybees have a type of hair on their eyes!

What is Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2))?

Saturday, September 1st, 2007

Vitamin D is found in numerous dietary sources such as fish, eggs, fortified milk, and cod liver oil. The sun is also a significant contributor to our daily production of vitamin D, and as little as 10 minutes of exposure is thought to be enough to prevent deficiencies. The term “vitamin D” refers to several different forms of this vitamin. Two forms are important in humans: ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Vitamin D2 is synthesized by plants. Vitamin D3 is synthesized by humans in the skin when it is exposed to ultraviolet-B (UVB) rays from sunlight or the diet.

The major biologic function of vitamin D is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium, helping to form and maintain strong bones. Recently, research also suggests vitamin D may provide protection from osteoporosis, hypertension, cancer, and several autoimmune diseases.

Rickets and osteomalacia are classic vitamin D deficiency diseases. In children, vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, which results in skeletal deformities. In adults, vitamin D deficiency can lead to osteomalacia, which results in muscular weakness in addition to weak bones. People who are at a high risk for vitamin D deficiencies are the elderly, dark skinned, obese, exclusively breast-fed infants, and those who cover all exposed skin or use sunscreen whenever outside. Also, those who have fat malabsorption syndromes (e.g., cystic fibrosis) or inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn’s disease) are at risk.

What is Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)?

Wednesday, March 7th, 2007

Vitamin CVitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin, which is necessary in the body to form collagen in bones, cartilage, muscle, and blood vessels, and aids in the absorption of iron. Dietary sources of vitamin C include fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits such as oranges.

Severe deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy. Although rare, scurvy includes potentially severe consequences, and can cause sudden death. Scurvy is treated with vitamin C, and should be under medical supervision.

Many uses for vitamin C have been proposed, but few have been conclusively demonstrated as being beneficial in scientific studies. In particular, research in asthma, cancer, and diabetes remain inconclusive, while no benefits have been found in the prevention of cataracts or heart disease.

The use of vitamin C in prevention/treatment of the common cold and respiratory infections remains controversial, with ongoing research. For cold prevention , more than 30 clinical trials including over 10,000 participants have examined the effects of taking daily vitamin C. Overall, no significant reduction in the risk of developing colds has been observed. In people who developed colds while taking vitamin C, no difference in severity of symptoms has been seen overall, although a very small significant reduction in the duration of colds has been reported (approximately 10% in adults and 15% in children). Notably, a subset of studies in people living in extreme circumstances, including soldiers in sub-arctic exercises, skiers, and marathon runners, have reported a significant reduction in the risk of developing a cold of approximately 50%. This area merits additional study, and may be of particular interest to elite athletes or military personnel.

For cold treatment , numerous studies have examined the effects of starting vitamin C after the onset of cold symptoms. Overall, no significant benefits have been observed.

Why do some animals have actual babies and some have eggs?

Friday, February 16th, 2007

animals babiesThe ability for some animals to have live births versus eggs can normally be explained by what classification the animal belongs to.

Mammals have live births, birds have eggs, Echidnas (a relative of mammals, think platypus) have eggs (like birds) but also have some characteristics only seen in mammals (fur and milk for their young).

There are some classification of animals that can have either live birth or eggs, such as sharks, fish and some reptiles.

The difference between the whether there are live births versus eggs is usually determined by the environment.

What is the difference between the ecliptic line And the equatorial line?

Sunday, February 4th, 2007

The ecliptic lineThe ecliptic line is the projection of the plane of the earth’s orbit around the Sun onto the sky. It is an imaginary line in the sky that represents the plane of the earth’s orbit around the sun.

The equatorial line is the projection of the Earth’s equator onto the sky.

The earth’s orbital motion and the angle between the ecliptic plane and the equatorial plane cause the seasons.

Can sharks see color?

Thursday, January 4th, 2007

SharksSharks do have both rods and cones in their eyes, which would indicate that they see in color. But remember that in very low light color is not discernible.

When it is very dark at night we can’t tell the difference between colors only the difference between shades of dark and light.

Sharks are similar in that at the surface they can probably see in color, but at depth they only see in monochromatic shades depending on where they are at depth.

Different colors have different wavelengths and can penetrate water to different depths.